Navigating School Evaluations, IEPs, and 504 Plans: A Parent's Guide

When a child begins to struggle academically or behaviorally, parents often find themselves facing a confusing and overwhelming maze of school processes, assessments, and acronyms. Understanding the difference between an evaluation, an IEP, and a 504 Plan can make a world of difference — and ensure your child receives the support they truly need.

With 20 years of experience in psycho-educational evaluations and school psychology, Dr. Aenne Grannis helps families decode the system and advocate effectively. This guide breaks down the essentials so you can approach the process with clarity and confidence.

What Is a School Evaluation?

A school evaluation is the first step in determining whether your child qualifies for special education services or accommodations. Evaluations may include cognitive testing, academic achievement testing, attention and executive functioning assessments, behavioral observations, speech, OT, or physical therapy assessments, and social-emotional evaluations.

Families can request an evaluation at any time, and schools are required to respond within specific timelines.

Signs your child may benefit from an evaluation include: persistent academic struggles, difficulty focusing or staying organized, emotional challenges impacting school performance, trouble following directions or routines, and teacher concerns that persist over time.

IEP vs. 504 Plan: What's the Difference?

Although both IEPs and 504 Plans are designed to support students, they serve different purposes.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

An IEP provides specially designed instruction for students with disabilities who require direct educational intervention. It includes measurable annual goals, specialized instruction, related services (speech, OT, PT, counseling), classroom accommodations, and placement recommendations.

504 Plan

A 504 Plan provides accommodations for students with disabilities who do not require specialized instruction but need support to access the educational environment. Accommodations may include extended time on tests, preferential seating, reduced homework load, behavioral supports, and assistive technology.

Understanding the Process: Step by Step

The process typically follows these steps: identify the concern (at home or school), request an evaluation in writing, participate in assessments, meet with the school team to review results, determine eligibility for services or accommodations, develop an IEP or 504 Plan collaboratively, and monitor progress throughout the year.

Dr. Aenne helps families prepare for meetings, ask the right questions, and understand professional reports so they can advocate effectively.

How Parent Coaching Supports the Process

School systems can feel intimidating — especially when emotions are high. Parent coaching offers an expert to interpret test results and terminology, guidance on what supports are appropriate, strategies for communicating effectively with schools, insight on local school cultures and systems, and help choosing the right educational setting.

Because Dr. Aenne has worked closely with schools throughout the Hudson Valley, she understands how to navigate different environments, from public districts to private and specialized programs.

You Don't Have to Navigate This Alone

With the right support, families can approach evaluations, IEPs, and accommodations with confidence rather than stress. Understanding the system is the first step toward ensuring your child thrives academically, socially, and emotionally.

If you're considering an evaluation or preparing for a school meeting, parent coaching can help you feel informed, empowered, and ready to advocate for your child's needs.